
Maybe the entire ânature rightsâ where people are enabled to sue on behalf of some geographic feature or assortment of critters really is just the fevered dream of stonersâŚ
âLake Mary Jane is shallowâtwelve feet deep at mostâbut sheâs well connected. She makes her home in central Florida, in an area that was once given over to wetlands. To the north, she is linked to a marsh, and to the west a canal ties her to Lake Hart. To the south, through more canals, Mary Jane feeds into a chain of lakes that run into Lake Kissimmee, which feeds into Lake Okeechobee. Were Lake Okeechobee not encircled by dikes, the water that flows through Mary Jane would keep pouring south until it glided across the Everglades and out to sea.
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âIn an effort to protect herself, Mary Jane is suing. The lake has filed a case in Florida state court, together with Lake Hart, the Crosby Island Marsh, and two boggy streams. According to legal papers submitted in February, the development would âadversely impact the lakes and marsh who are parties to this action,â causing injuries that are âconcrete, distinct, and palpable.ââ
Yup, itâs all based on âsocial constructsâ with the claims that all rights are âsocially constructedâ rather than being inalienable…
âThe notion that ânatural objectsâ like woods and streams should have rights was first put forward half a century ago, by Christopher Stone, a law professor at the University of Southern California. Stone, who died last year, was a son of the crusading journalist I. F. Stone, and as a kid, in the nineteen-fifties, he sometimes helped put out his fatherâs newspaper, I. F. Stoneâs Weekly. In the fall of 1971, the younger Stone was assigned to teach U.S.C.âs introductory course on property law, and in one class he delivered a lecture on how ownership rights had evolved over time. Near the end of the hour, sensing that his studentsâ minds were wandering, he decided to shake things up. What would happen, he asked, if the law were to further evolve to grant rights to, say, trees or even rocks? âThis little thought experiment,â he later recalled, created an âuproar.â
âUntil that moment, Stone hadnât considered this question. But, having tossed it out, he found himself intrigued. He set about writing a law-review article. In the article, âShould Trees Have Standing?âToward Legal Rights for Natural Objects,â Stone noted that rights are always socially constructed. In America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many groupsâBlacks, Native Americans, women, childrenâwere denied rights; then, as society, or what counted as society, changed, rights were slowly and painfully (and often incompletely) extended to them.â
The idea of ârightsâ being fungible? Sounds like the court case Dred Scott v. Sandford⌠on chronic weed laced with angel dust.
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